Bussiness Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bussiness Communications - Essay Example The ones that have existed thus far have relied a great deal on the phenomenon attached with change and consistent upgrading of the needs as put forward by the business and its norms. Organization structure impacts the manner in which work is basically carried out. More than anything else it adheres to the different purposes of the discrete services and the related achievements with the passage of time. This brings to light the notion of discussing the structural basis of the organizations themselves. For starters, these organizations might not be that easy to understand at the very beginning. These can encompass a variety of different aspects, features and traditional mindsets which make up their structures. To start with, we see that an organization can either be formally aligned in its ways and means of doing things and different processes or the same might just be in a way informal in quite a few of its activities and tasks. The manner in which it runs across this paradigm is something that needs to be studied in depth before we reach further consensus on their purposes and the kind of achievements that they have had. The communication within an organization can flow in one of three ways or in all the three directions. This means that these three directions pave the way for the ease of communication and there are as such no barriers to arise from the whole equation. The first communication flow is from top to bottom, which means that the communication starts from the top management and goes down towards the middle and lower management. The second form could be the one that starts from the lower or middle management and goes up towards the top management. The third communication flow could be in the kind of peer to peer communication and interaction. This means that the employees and the workers at the same level communicate within their own capacities

The Stele of Hammurabi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Stele of Hammurabi - Essay Example It is evident from the study that the Stele of Hammurabi made by the Babylonians is comparable to a constitution, which acts as supreme document that states how a country is governed. As a constitution is printed and copies handed to the public to familiarize with the provisions therein, he made the sculpture and set it at a public place so that everyone could see. This means that if you go against the law, then it is out of ignorance, and therefore deserves punishment. The engravers did not anticipate the artistic value of the sculpture content, their minds were fixated on the functional aspect of the writings therein, Stele analysis ended on the content of the law stated. It was not set in the open as a statue or symbol representing individuals or objects, but was placed openly so the public can read it and internalize the laws. In the excerpt from The Philosophy of Art History by Arnold Hauser, the window is given two values; first, it is an opening that connects the person inside an enclosure to the outside environment. Others people will look at it and appreciate the artistic value it expresses, from the pane design, types of glasses used, and quality of work employed in the frame. Artwork then acts as an intermediary between persons and experiences, which differ in kind and intensity. The transparent window acts as an opening to the rest of the world, artists can then continue staring at windows when appreciating its designs, but their true function remains giving an outside view. Babylonians used the Stele of Hammurabi as a template for engraving judgements, in the present time; a constitution is typed in a computer and printed. They then use different designs of paper and ink to give it the official look. The sculpture was not appreciated artistically, they could not notice the fine Hammurabi carvings, and the well arranged engraved law statements. The context of Stele of Hammurabi The setting in time was 18th Century BC, during King Hammurabi’s 42 year rule of Babylon. Soon after getting into power, he consolidated his army and took them to battle with neighbouring rival forces. He stretched Babylonian borders from Tigris, to Persian Gulf in the south. He was also credited with introducing order to commercial transactions for example, law of contracts which protected the rights of both parties when they enter into a contract of any form. The Code of Hammurabi was

Plans And Development To Achieve Sustainability Tourism Essay

Plans And Development To Achieve Sustainability Tourism Essay This report shows how sustainable tourism has been established in England. For the completion of task on I took the tourist destination of South west England, There is also an introduction to sustainable tourism, along with this how the area in general has achieved .In the second task I have taken a region from the South west England and emphasized based on that tourist destination. I picked Cornwall. it gives an in sight to the development process that Cornwall will take to create sustainable tourism along with the plans, actions and visions. Task 1: How the city has planned and developed to achieve sustainability? The plans and development to achieve sustainability This is a kind of tourist industry that is committed to making a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate future employment for local people. The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development brings a positive experience for the local people, tourism companies and tourist themselves. But it is a must to keep in mind that there is a vast difference between sustainable tourism and eco tourism. Many people believe that tourism is the back bone of a countrys economy, thus global economist forecast continuing international tourism growth, ranging between three to six percent annually, which totally depends on the location. As one of the largest and fastest growing industries, this continuous growth will place great stress on remaining biologically diverse habitats and indigenous cultures, which are often used to support mass tourism. There are tourist who promotes sustainable tourism are sensitive to these dangers and seek to protect tourist destinations, thus which helps protect tourism as an industry. Sustainable tourist can reduce the impact of tourism in many ways, which includes: Anticipating and respecting local cultures, expectations and assumptions. Contributing to intercultural understanding and tolerance Supporting the integrity of local cultures by favoring business which conserves cultural heritage and traditional values. Supporting local economies by purchasing local goods and participating with small, local businesses. Increasing, destinations and tourism operations are endorsing and following responsible tourism, as a pathway towards sustainable tourism. Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism have an identical goal, that of sustainable development. The pillars of responsible tourism are therefore the same as those of the sustainable tourism- environmental integrity, social justice and economic development. Thus taking the above facts into consideration we can say that the United Kingdom is a country that encourages sustainable tourism, Places like Scotland, Irelands, and Cornwall are places that still have the beauty that was there many years back and thus these places employ the above system as they want to carry out what they have for many years. The Tourist Destination that I have chosen is South West England, as it is world famous that south West England boast of beautiful tourist destinations and those they encourage sustainable tourism. South West England Prides itself for being the most popular tourist destination in the U.K for the reason is that the population is 22.7 million but with a tourist of 96 per day. But this happens to be one of the greenest and, embracing sustainability like no other tourist destination. South West England which includes Devon, Cornwall, Somerset and Wiltshire is so unique in terms of sustainability. Meeting the needs of the visitor, industry and community within environmental and social limits is how tourist destinations, such as South West England, interpret the sometimes rather nebulous concept of sustainability and sustainable development. A challenging undertaking if one considers the multitude of stakeholders involved in Tourism and their very specific needs and expectations. However, sustaining Tourism within social and environmental limits is crucial for the region. Nine billion GBP visitors spend a year mean that up to 262.000 jobs exist thanks tourism, with tourism counting for up to 22% of total employment in Cornwall alone. To secure this source of revenue and jobs, a sustainable approach towards tourism development is indispensable. Tourism planners in the South West were quick to realize the need for sustainable tourism and responded with a vision paper, which is called the Towards 2015, which emphasizes on sustainability and quality as the only way forward. This further state that the authorities believe that this strategy represents a huge opportunity for this region thus makes tourism up to 10% of the GDP and supports over 300,000 jobs. The people of the region want to see improvement of the regions environment. The towards 2015 state, that the major attraction is the environment to the visitors. They also believe in working together with all three authorities that they can make South West the best, prosperous and successful destination. The executive Summary of this strategic paper also makes clear that a new strategic approach of tourism will: Protect the environment Improve the quality of life of the local people. Take advantage of the regions existing strengths Create along term and a sustainable industry. No strategy paper or vision document is worth if no implementation or action lacks it or if it isnt followed. So thus, initiatives and marketing messages suggest that policy implementation is going well in South West England. There, dozens of initiatives have emerged in the last few years, some of the most prominent being the Green Tourism Business Scheme which is inspiring and also a very informative web sites promote sustainable tourism in South West England. The Green Tourism Business Scheme is the national sustainable tourism certification scheme in U.k. Thus this provides tourist firms with environmental advice and audit advice too. So the following link provides wider information of The green tourism business scheme. http://www.green-business.co.uk/ There are some limitations regarding the sustainable development of Englands south west. Being predominantly a rural area, poor public transport links can make it difficult .but on the positive note, consumer awareness of sustainability issues and climate change is steadily increasing not least due to extensive media reporting. In the, it remains to be seen in Cornwall and Devon shall manage to keep for a sustainable tourism in the years to come. The link below will definitely bring out the fact that sustainable tourism is being marketed around the world and thus these kinds of web sites are a way of encouraging tourist. http://www.responsibletravel.com/ Thus South West England a rural area has planned to develop sustainable tourism, it is also known as a very green area that is fast embracing sustainable tourism. The vision paper toward 2015 speaks more about this and the e marketing used by them shows that South West England is heading towards a well planned sustainable tourist destination. How the destination has been and managed to earn sustainability. The location and its characteristics As above I stated the area I took to make the report is South West England. South West England is one of the regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area, covering 9,200 square miles which includes Bristol, Cornwall, Devon, Wiltshire. Five million people live there. The region includes two national parks and four world heritage sites, including Stonehenge. Traditionally, the South West England has been well known for producing Cheddar cheese, which originated in the Somerset village of Cheddar, for Devon cream teas, and for cider. It is well known as the home of the Eden project, Aardman animation, The Glastonbury Festival, the British International Balloon Fiesta, trip hop music and also Cornwalls surfing beaches. The unique landscape, natural beauty and cultural heritage of Cornwall are central to Cornwalls Tourist economy and are the star attraction for Cornwalls visitors. Cornwall represents finest sustainable management and therefore essential to a long term prosperous future for the tourism industry and Cornwalls economy. Historically the tourist industry has focused on visitors numbers, but for the last twenty years, the emphasis has shifted to attracting more visitors to appreciate Cornwalls intrinsic qualities throughout the year, creating successful shoulder seasons which sustain better employment spreading the total number of visitors. Great strides have been taken in the field of sustainable tourism, in no short amount to the work of the Cornwall Sustainable Tourism Project who has developed a very active sustainable tourism network, providing supporting tools and training to tourism businesses across the county. Green Tourism Business scheme is highly supported in this area. How the area has managed to earn sustainability. 3.2.1 The current picture. Given the relative unpopulated nature of Area of outstanding natural beauty within Cornwall as a whole, a significant proportion of business awarded in the Green Tourism Business Scheme are located within the Area of out standing natural beauty of Cornwall. An impressive 20% of businesses on the GTBS are located within the AONB which in turn benefits other local benefits. Customers of GTBS businesses are likely to be more aware, environmentally responsible and less impacting on the landscape and environmental of the AONB. 3.2.2 Sustainable Tourism predicted trend. Climate change It is difficult to predict what may happen to tourism in the face of climate change. One scenario is that better weather in the shoulder months could enable increased activity which shall result in a higher number of tourists. More wet weather event in the shoulder month the winter could increase the pressure for wet weather attractions. Increasing coastal erosion due to climate change could see many of the coastal car parks, foot paths under threat. Resource depletion An increase depletion of fossil fuels and rising energy costs could result in visitors and recreation users actively seeking alternative methods of travel. Areas adjacent to center of population may experience more pressure as people become less mobile and there is likely to be more long term stays. Lifestyle changes There is a current ongoing shift to shorter, more frequent visits and more last minute breaks making it more difficult for visitors to plan activities and for tourist operators to plan ahead and manage a stay and facilities. However heightened awareness of the environmental impact of tourism is likely to lead to more visitors seeking sustainable breaks in areas that are well managed and maintained. Tourism development. Increasing numbers of tourists and their changing expectations and desires in terms of their experience are likely to increase pressure for tourism development, particularly in coastal areas such as the redevelopment of coastal caravan sites, new cafes, shops and bars, further car parks and other infrastructure such as toilet facilities. All have the potential to negative impact upon the AONB landscape.Equally,the national trust restoration of diminished hot spots such as Kynance cove, Lizard point and Bedruthan steps demonstrates how conservation and intensive access can be reconciled and sustained with planned management and targeted resources. 3.2.3 Cornwall Sustainable Tourism working Group. Visit Cornwall is the tourism service based within the Cornwall development Company at Cornwall Council.Vistit Cornwall will administer a new Visit Cornwall Partnership to give a strategic steer to tourism within Cornwall, producing a new business plan. There will be a valuable opportunity to influence both the plan and partnership in order to maintain sustainable tourism and recreation within the county. The sustainable Tourism working group is an informal group of organizations that meets to push forward the sustainable tourism agenda in Cornwall and this group will be instrumental in influencing mainstream tourism development. 3.2.4 Sustainable Access Opportunities to encourage sustainable access to Cornwall and AONB through work of organization such as Devon and Cornwall Railway Partnership -seeking to encourage visitors to use rail way around Cornwall, A number of other transport initiatives exist to encourage car free day outs. The Cornish way multi use trails provide opportunities for walkers and cyclist to access ANOB.There will be opportunities to build new infrastructures such as multi link trails, in order to support and encourage sustainable tourism. 3.2.5 The Rural Development Programme for the Area. The aim of this is to create a genuinely sustainable farming, forestry and food sectors. This has a number of key aims designed to increase the total value of this spend and ensure that as much as possible is kept within local rural businesses and communities. It will support the improvement of the quality of overall experience, through maintaining and developing the natural environment. As the regional strategic lead for tourism, South West tourism are delivering the sustainable rural tourism theme with the current round of funding now allocated to 6 regional projects in Cornwall. Thus it is being led by Cornwall Council and involves the development of multi user trails in Cornwall, around Bodmin area, linking the Tarka and Camel trails to relieve honey pot sites on the coast. 3.2.6 Aims A tourism industry which recognizes the value of a high quality landscape to its business, with the AONB playing a central role and which looks to attract sustainable visitors, in sustainable numbers through the year. A visitor and tourist provider which respects the landscape and environment of the Cornwall AONB and does everything possible to minimize their own impact. A tourism industry which values the landscape as its key asset and is in harmony with its land scape and environment, seeking to support other Cornish industries which enhance local distinctiveness. 3.2.7 Policies Promote sustainable tourism which supports for the for the landscape and environment upon which the industry depends, providing a model for the development of tourism across the whole of Cornwall. Raise awareness and respect for the Cornwall AONB and communicate effectively to local tourist businesses about the special qualities of the natural, cultural and built environment of the AONB in order that they can be celebrated, respected and sustainable utilized as a utilized as a marketing tool. Sensitively and sustainable developed and market the AONB to potential visitors numbers where the AONB landscape is becoming degraded through over use. Secure a strong voice for the AONB within tourism management in Cornwall to ensure that sustainable tourism activity drives the industry. 3.2.8 Actions Representation from the Sustainable Tourism Working Group and the Cornwall AONB partnership on the visit Cornwall partnership-Cornwall sustainable tourism working group. Encourage training in the tourism sector. Production and implementation of a yearly business plan to implement the Cornwall AONB sustainable Tourism Strategy plan and action plan. Conclusion This report is how south west England will encourage developing Sustainable tourism and face the tourist challenges in the future; keeping in mind that tourism is the back bone of a country. This also clarifies the action that should be taken in order to achieve a successful sustainable tourist industry.

Deception Essay -- essays research papers

Deception   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether conducted by the patrol officer, the victim’s advocate, the prosecutor or the investigator assigned to a special unit in the criminal investigation division, the interview of a victim, witness, suspect or informant is a critical element of any investigation. Precious resources in the form of man power, money, time and equipment can be wasted because of the failure of the interviewer to conduct a complete interview and accurately evaluate the credibility of the information gained from the subject interviewed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a part of the three pillars of the criminal investigative process, a thorough and complete interview provides greater insight into the psychological elements of the suspect or even victim’s behaviors during the commission of the crime. The interview can also provide understanding of and give a clear definition to the evidence isolated by the forensic investigation of the case. In spite of its importance however, the value of the interview alone can be nil without the psychological and forensic pillars. By the same token a poorly executed interview along with a flawed effort to assess credibility can degrade if not destroy the efforts in the forensic and psychological portions of the investigation and any subsequent prosecution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A complete and successful interview will almost always be characterized by four basic elements: orientation, narration, cross-examination and resolution. In its own way, each of these four elements is unique and accomplishes specific goals. Without all four elements no interview will be complete. Orientation is accomplished on both an overt and covert level. Overtly the function of the orientation period is to establish some form of dialogue with the subject being interviewed. This can be achieved through personal introductions and possibly some form of brief light conversation if conditions and time permit. It is also the period during which the interviewer advises the subject as to the purpose of the interview, its importance, and the necessity to be totally forthcoming, honest and cooperative. Granted in many cases this is not going to be a socially comfortable situation nor will it always intended to be so. Covertly the objective of the investigative interviewer to establish some form of understanding of the person b... ...alysis of the subject’s narrative nor will they be effective at unlocking the truth during the cross-examination phase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The final element of a successful interview will be the â€Å"resolution† phase. It is during this portion of the interview that the subject after effective cross-examination acknowledges their responsibility in the commission of the act or in the least that they had a motive to at least deliberately lead or outright lie to the interviewer. For these acts they must accept the consequences and provide truthful information to the interviewer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is through a â€Å"narrative based† interview that the investigative interviewer will be able to obtain the largest quantity of information as well as the highest quality. Without dedication by the investigator to attain these goals their efforts in the psychological assessment and the forensic identification, collection, preservation and analysis may suffer severely and ultimately the satisfactory conclusion of their case. Invariably there will also be only one real good opportunity to achieve these goals. It is imperative that the interviewer gets it right the first time.

First Person Ranks First: John Mccain a War Point of View

Is it more important to focus on the bigger picture in War? Doing so would be to neglect the 58,000 soldiers who gave their lives in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War is often seen as an unclear part of our history in the United States. This conflict in some Americans minds was a war of ethics, a war of right and wrong. The United States entered the war in order to try to prevent the continuous slaughter of Southern Vietnamese people. What we can learn is what lies in the stories of the different people who were involved in the war. The killing of the Southern Vietnamese posed an ethical problem for the United States. The U. S. saw it necessary to become involved. The masses involved male or female were sons, daughters, parents, spouses, and friends to others. What is important in this war is for us is to understand the experiences of the opposing citizens and soldiers involved. We more often than not overlook the personal experiences and aspects of the people involved in the war. In John McCain’s Faith of My Fathers and Nguyen Qui Duc’s La Fin d’un Cauchemar we are able to see the experiences of an American (McCain) and a Vietnamese family. Understanding these people’s points of view can be the most important lesson learned. Ones perception of the Vietnam War is often and easily skewed by outside sources such as media and movies. The personal accounts of the people who were actually involved in the war allow us the right to a better understanding. The two opposing perspectives in these narratives help their readers appreciate the gravity of the circumstances for the people involved. The torture, violence, and separation that these narratives revisit help us better understand the Vietnam War. In the excerpt from Faith of Our Fathers, John McCain retells his account of the Vietnam War while he was a prisoner of war. McCain’s narrative shows its audience a different side of the war. John McCain was a naval aviator in the Vietnam War. He flew in 23 bombing missions over North Vietnam. Preceding his twenty-third mission he was shot down, captured, and was tortured as a prisoner of war for five and a half years. (Kennedy, 2002, p. 249) Throughout the course of these years he was brutalized and beaten physically and mentally. Senator McCain’s experience under the insurgence of his captors cultivated his opinion of the unjust implications of torture. â€Å"Vietnam ignored its obligations to mistreat the Americans they held prisoner, claiming that we were engaged in an unlawful war against them and thus not entitled to the protections of the Geneva Conventions. † (McCain, 1999, p. 376) McCain’s narrative told from his first person point view provides its audience with a soldier’s perspective. In Faith of Our Fathers personalizes the Vietnam War with his experiences as a POW. The soldiers in McCain’s narrative act as a model example of a United States Soldier in Vietnam. â€Å"I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McCain, 1999, p. 376) John McCain exemplified these traits from the United States Code of Conduct for American Prisoners of War. His story stands as a representation of the courage that the soldiers carried during the war. The horrifying description of torture dealt to both McCain and his fellow compatriots’ shows the inhumanity that went on. The account of Lance Sijan, a Captain in the Air Force, is particularly compelling to the audience. He was shot down in Vietnam sustaining several injuries. Shortly after, he was captured by Viet Cong. â€Å"Interrogated several times, he refused to say anything. He was savagely beaten for his silence†¦and struck with a bamboo club. † (McCain, 1999, p. 383) Despite the continued abuse that was placed on Sijan he refused to surrender his loyalty to his country. The way he and many other soldiers conducted themselves in spite of these conditions shows a different side of the war. A side that varies from the common perception of a Vietnam soldier as being abnormal and deranged. These soldiers were dedicated to their purpose and their country. John McCain’s atypical narrative stems a better understanding of the Vietnam War for our generation. Much like and much different than Faith of Our Fathers, La Fin d’un Cauchemar by Nguyen Qui Duc shows a different side of the Vietnam War that generates a different respect and understanding for the war itself. In La Fin d’un Cauchemar tells the story of a Vietnamese family, more importantly, the Vietnamese father and how his imprisonment in North Vietnam has an affect on the family. Duc’s father was imprisoned for over 12 years. During this period of time Nguyen’s family struggled in the communist lead society. La Fin d’un Cauchemar shows the experiences of a Vietnamese family in the light of what was going on around them. The Duc family stands representative of struggling Vietnamese families during the Vietnam War. Nguyen’s family was burdened with oppression, illness, and an imprisoned father. After two years of not knowing the well-being or whereabouts of her father, Nguyen’s mother received a letter with the information that her husband was alive and imprisoned in a North Vietnamese POW camp. Nguyen’s mother â€Å"†¦fought for two months to get a permit to visit [her] father, and then wait just as long to get train tickets on the black market. † (Duc, 1994, p. 419) The communist government of Vietnam dictated her family’s every move. The Vietnamese were severely oppressed. Following Nguyen’s mothers visitation of her father, the family was weighed down by illness and discontent. Nguyen’s mother spent time and money visiting her father and in doing so injured herself. Nguyen’s mothers’ ankle injury became infected and at the same time her sister was dieing of kidney failure. Nguyen’s family was encumbered with problems. Nguyen Qui Duc’s narrative shows us an alternative side to the war. One that didn’t deal with soldiers or battle. Duc’s rarely narrated point of view places the reader in the perspective of the Vietnamese civilian. Our opinions are often distorted by outside sources. Outlets like movies skew our understanding of issues like the Vietnam War. Michael Medved (2005) a nationally syndicated radio talk show host, author of 10 books, and film critic says that â€Å"It is far more common in contemporary war films, regardless of the conflict being depicted, for the three elements of the classic war movie to be turned on their heads. U. S. troops are more likely than not to be portrayed as sick, warped, and demented-in any case, very different from normal Americans. † (Medved, 2005, p. 53) Movies, a major source for our generation’s knowledge and familiarity of the Vietnam War, lack credibility and prove to be inconsistent. Duc’s story is one not even touched upon in movies. Most often movies are filmed through the eyes of the American soldiers. The perspective of the Vietnamese people is never witnessed. Individual first person accounts provide us with a concrete perspective of insiders that movies cannot. These two Vietnam narratives display different perspectives of the Vietnam War. One being the point of view of an American soldier and the other being a Vietnamese family. The personal experiences of these characters help us to understand the war itself. Our generation can learn from these experiences by reading and acknowledging the first hand retellings of Vietnam. These narratives offer a real perspective of the Vietnam War, much different from that of the twisted and glamorized Hollywood angle. First person Vietnam narratives are the most insightful and dignified pieces of historical context we can obtain. While is necessary to recognize the bigger scheme of things it is important to understand the perspectives of the individuals involved on both sides, in order to put the Vietnam War itself in perspective. Reference Kennedy, C (2002). Profiles in Courage for Our Time. New York: Hyperion Books. McCain J. & Salter M. 2006) Preface from Faith of My Fathers. In K. Ratcliffe (Ed. ), Critical Literacies (3rd ed. , p 374-387) Boston: Pearson Custom. (Reprinted from Faith of My Fathers, (1999), Random House, Inc. Copyright 1999 by John McCain. ) Medved, M. , (2005). They don’t make war movies like they used to. USA Today, 134, 52-55. Nguyen Qui Du’c. (2006). La Fin d’un Cauchemar. In K. Ratcliffe (Ed. ), Critical Literacies (3rd ed. , p 418-425) Boston: Pearson Custom. (Reprinted from Where the Ashes are: The Odyssey of a Vietnamese Family (1994), by Permission of the Author)

Brief Model Comparison of How Conflict is Presented in Act 3 Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet and The Laboratory Essay

Despite being written two centuries after Romeo and Juliet, The Laboratory by Robert Browning, taken from the 1842 collection, Dramatic Lyrics, explores many aspects of conflict that relate to both the Elizabethan and Victorian societies. Written as a dramatic monologue rather than a play, Browning uses the poem to expose how jealousy and envy lead to a catastrophic build-up of internal conflict, which results in her desire kill her rival by poisoning her in the presence of her lover. However, while it is clear that both Shakespeare and Browning are interested in presenting similar aspects of conflict within their respective societies, their approach to presenting these conflicts is rather different. Indeed, while Romeo and Juliet was written at the time as a play that was meant to be performed for an audience both in theatre and later as a film production, The Laboratory is a poem in the form of a dramatic monologue with a silent listener. Moreover, although Act 3 Scene 1 conveys aspects of conflict through a heavily male dominated scene, The Laboratory is delivered solely from the point of view of a female. As a result, when comparing how both texts present conflict, it is important to realise England was a different place in the 19th century; the growing industrial revolution was coupled with new scientific discoveries, and this meant that society placed less importance on religious belief and traditional behaviour. This is quite different to the context of Romeo and Juliet, where an Elizabethan society was strictly governed by social norms, limiting how people behaved, dressed and defined their sexuality. Firstly, both Shakespeare and Browning attempt to explore the conflict between religious belief and human morality. Both writers use religious imagery to externalise the internal conflict between religion and human morality building up inside each character. Browning uses anti-religious imagery right from the first stanza with the phrase ‘devil’s smithy’ and later by sarcastically referring to an ‘empty Church, to pray God in’. On the contrary, Shakespeare juxtaposes the change in Romeo’s character after Mercutio’s death by contrasting the line ‘away to heaven respective lenity’ with ‘fire-eyed fury be my conduct now. ’ While both references were considered blasphemous (against religious belief) in both the Elizabethan era and the Victorian era, Browning makes the blasphemy more explicit through the word ‘devil,’ and the juxtaposition between the word ‘empty’ and ‘God’ highlights the growing conflict between scientific development and religious belief in Victorian society. This conflict is further reinforced by the positive imagery of death created through the oxymoron ‘pure death’. Indeed, in the 19th century, more people lost faith in religious belief, when scientific theories like Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution began to create even more conflict between religion and science in society, so the idea of killing someone became both spiritually and morally easier. Yet, because society was stricter in the Elizabethan era, Shakespeare used alliteration in the letter ‘f’ in ‘fire eyed fury’ to add more emphasis to Romeo’s devilish behaviour†¦